Steam Trains From Great Britain and Beyond

Common rail

History
The common rail system prototype was developed in the 1960s by Robert Huber of Switzerland and Technology developed by Dr. Marco Ganser at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, then Ganser-Hydromag AG (est.1995) in Obergeri.
First Successful use of vehicle production in Japan began in the mid-1990s. Mr. Shohei Itoh and Masahiko Miyaki of Denso Corporation, a manufacturer Japanese auto parts maker, has developed the common rail fuel system for heavy vehicles and turned it into practical use their common rail system ECD-U2 mounted on the truck Hino Ranger and Rising sold for general use in 1995. Denso claims system first commercial high pressure common rail in 1995.
Common rail fuel system near
The modern common rail systems, while working on the same principle, are governed by an engine control unit (ECU), which opens each injector electronically rather than mechanically. This prototype has been widely in the 1990s with the collaboration between Magneti Marelli, Centro Ricerche Fiat and Elasis. After research and development by the Fiat Group, the design has been acquired by the German company Robert Bosch GmbH for completion of development and refinement for mass production. With hindsight, the sale appears be a tactical error for Fiat as the new technology has proved very profitable. The company had little choice but sell, but as he was in a poor financial state at the time and did not have the resources to complete development of its own. In 1997, they expanded its use for passenger cars. The first passenger car that used the common rail system in 1997 was model Alfa Romeo 156 1.9 JTD, and later the same year, Mercedes-Benz C 220 CDI.
Common rail engines have been used in marine applications and the Locomotive for a while. The Cooper-Bessemer GN-8 (circa 1942) is an example of a hydraulically operated common rail diesel engine, also known as a rail change common.
Vickers system used in common rail engines submarine to 1916. Doxford Engines Ltd (as opposed to large piston marine engines) used a common rail system (1921-1980) that a multi-fuel cylinder piston pump generated a pressure of about 600bar with the fuel stored in cylinders with accumulators. Pressure control was achieved through a stroke discharge Control pump and valve "spill". Camshaft Timing mechanical valves were used to provide the spring Brice / CAV / Lucas injectors who injected the side of the cylinder in the chamber formed between the pistons. first engines were a pair of cams when the one to go running and one for the rear. Later engines had two injectors per cylinder, and the series finale of the constant pressure turbocharged engines were equipped with four injectors per cylinder. This system was used for the injection of both diesel and heavy fuel oil (600cSt heated to a temperature of about 130C).
The common rail system is suitable for all types of road motor diesel from cars city such as the Fiat Panda Nuova prestige cars such as the Volvo S80.
Common rail today
Today common rail system has brought a revolution in diesel engine technology. Robert Bosch GmbH, Delphi Automotive Systems, Denso Corporation and Siemens VDO (now owned by Continental AG) are the main suppliers of modern common rail systems. Car manufacturers refer to their engines common rail with their own brand:
BMW-D engine (also used in the Land Rover Freelander TD4)
Cummins and Scania XPI (developed as joint ventures)
JRC Cummins (Cummins injector pump Bosch)
CDI Daimler (Chrysler and Jeep vehicles simply CRD)
Fiat Group (Fiat, Alfa Romeo Lancia) JTD (also branded Multijet JTDm, Ecotec CDTi, tid, TTiD, DDiS, Quadra-Jet)
TDCi Duratorq and Powerstroke Ford Motor Company
General Motors Opel / Vauxhall CDTi (manufactured by Fiat and GM Daewoo) and DTI (Isuzu)
GM Daewoo / Chevrolet VCDi (licensed from VM Motori, also branded Ecotec CDTI)
Honda i-CTDi
Hyundai-Kia CRDi
Land Rover "Storm" derivative TD5 engine Rover L series
Mahindra CRC
Mazda MZR-CD (1.4 MZ-CD, 1.6 MZ-CD produced by joint venture Ford / PSA Peugeot Citron)
Mitsubishi DI-D (recently developed a family of next-generation engine uses 4N1 200 MPa (2000 bar) injection system))
Nissan dCi
PSA Peugeot Citron HDI or HDi (1.4HDI, 1.6 HDI, 2.0 HDI, 2.2 HDI and HDI V6 developed in the under joint venture with Ford)
Renault 'DCi
XDI SsangYong (most of these engines are manufactured by Daimler AG)
Subaru Legacy TD (effective January 2008)
Tata DICOR
Toyota D-4D
Volkswagen Group: The V8 4.2 TDI and the latest 2.7 and 3.0 TDI (V6) engines featured on Audi models use current common rail, as opposed to engines injector pump earlier. The 2.0 TDI in the Volkswagen Tiguan SUV uses common rail, like the 2008 model Audi A4. Volkswagen Group announced that the 2.0 TDI (common rail) engine will be available for Volkswagen Passat and the Volkswagen Jetta 2009.
Volvo 2.4D and D5 engines (1.6D, 2.0D manufactured by Ford and PSA Peugeot Citroën), Volvo Penta D-series engines
Principles
Solenoid or piezoelectric valves allow precise control electronics the time of fuel injection quantity and pressure higher than the common rail technology makes available provides atomization of fuel. To reduce engine noise component of the engine electronic control can inject a small amount of diesel just before the event injection main ("pilot" injection), thus reducing its explosiveness and vibration, as well as optimization of injection and the quantity variations in fuel quality, cold starting, and so on. Some advanced common rail fuel systems to perform five injections per stroke.
Common rail engines do not need heating time [citation needed] and produce lower engine noise and emissions than the old systems.
Diesel engines have always used various forms of fuel injection. Two common types include the unit injection system and the distributor / pump systems Inline (See diesel and injector unit for more information). While these former systems provided accurate fuel injection control, they were limited by several factors:
They been driven cam and the injection pressure is proportional to the speed of the engine. This generally means that the injection pressure over high can be achieved at the highest speed of the engine and the injection pressure reduced the maximum achievable motor speed decreases. This relationship is true for all pumps, even those used on common rail systems, with the unit or distribution systems, however, injection pressure is related to the instantaneous pressure of a single event pumping without battery and therefore the relationship is more important and difficult.
They were limited on the number and timing of injection events can be ordered during a combustion event unique. Although multiple injection events are possible with these older systems, it is much more difficult and costly to achieve.
For the typical distributor / inline system the start of injection occurred at a predetermined pressure (often referred to as: pressure pop) and ends at a predetermined pressure. This feature of "dummy" injectors in the cylinder head that opens and closes with pressure determined by the spring preload applied to the piston in the injector. Once the pressure in the jet has reached a predetermined level, would remove the plunger and the injection start.
In systems with common rail high pressure pump supplies fuel tank at high pressure and more than 2,000 bar (29,000 psi). The term "common rail" refers to the fact that all the fuel injectors are fed by a common rail fuel, which is nothing more than a pressure accumulator when the fuel is stored under high pressure. The battery supplies fuel injectors with multiple fuel at high pressure. This simplifies the subject of the high pressure pump in that it only has to maintain a pressure command to a target (or mechanically or electronically controlled). The fuel injectors are controlled by ECU. When the fuel injectors are activated electrically a hydraulic valve (consisting of a nozzle and plunger) is mechanically or hydraulically opened and fuel is sprayed into the cylinders the desired pressure. Like nuclear fuel pressure is stored remotely and electrically operated injectors are the pressure injection at the beginning and end of injection is very close to the pressure in the accumulator (rail), thus producing an injection speed squares. If the accumulator, pump and plumbing are sized correctly, the injection pressure and the rate will be the same for each event injection multiple.
See also
Direct fuel injection
Injection unit
Pump Unit
Turbocharged Direct Injection
Fuel Filter
Water Sensor
References
^ "240 Culture of Japanese automotive technology -" ECD-U2 Common Rail. Http: / / www.jsae.or.jp/autotech/data_e/10-8e.html Jsae.or.jp.. Retrieved 29/04/2009.
^ "Injection of diesel fuel. Http://www.denso.com.au/products/aftermarket_automotive_components/diesel_fuel_injection. Retrieved 30/09/2008.
^ "Fiat revival of a car manufacturer. economist.com. 24 April 2008. http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11090197. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
^ "New Powertrain Technologies Conference". autonews.com. http://www.autonews.com/files/07_ane_ptc/speakers.html. Retrieved 08/04/2008.
^. http://www.doxford-engine.com/engines.htm.
^ 2009 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Test Drive: Clean Diesel 50 mpg Prius meets thrust-humility – Popular Mechanics
^ (Injection multistroke) See Brochure for 2009 BMW 3 series
References
This animation explains the functioning of the common rail of
Categories: Diesel engine categories | Engine fuel system technologyHidden All stubs | stubs for June 2008 About the Author

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