Steam Trains From Great Britain and Beyond

City Market Chichester – England and its history

The history of Chichester is intertwined with the history of invasion Roman 43ad and back almost two thousand years. The time when the Romans first recognized its strategic importance and built the fort and now home to a Market booming Town Center mall.

In 43 AD the Romans invaded Britain and about 44 AD they built a fort on the site Chichester. It has been a source of water (the river Lavant) and close to a port for supplies may be made by vessels of France. Soon the Roman army evolved.

The king of the local Celtic tribe, Cogidnubus, cooperated with the Romans, rather that resist them. The Romans left as a puppet king of Sussex. After the Romans had left the fort Codignubus decided to take over and do it in a city. The Romans called Noviomagus Chichester, which means new market.

Chichester Roman has been built on a grid. The main streets form a cross, which remains today as North, South, East and West streets. In the center of the city was the forum, a market lined with shops and buildings public. People of Roman Chichester used cesspools and obtained their water from wells, but in the streets there were drains for rainwater.

In the late 2nd century a moat was dug around Chichester Roman walls were built with earth a wooden palisade on top. At the beginning of the third century stone walls were built. In the 4th century, they were strengthened by bastions, towers, semi-circular. A triggerfish, a form of giant crossbow, could be mounted on.

About 80 AD an amphitheater was built near Roman Chichester. He would have had wooden bleachers for about 800 people. On special occasions gladiators fought to the death but more often entertainment consisting of cockfighting and bear bait. (The animal was chained and dogs have been trained to attack).

Another hobby was going to public baths, which stood near Chapel Street. In Roman times to go to the bathroom was not only to wash, but was also a way to socialize, the Roman equivalent of going to the pub. In Roman Chichester there was also a temple of Neptune and Minerva the junction of North Street and Lion Street.

In Chichester Roman rich people lived in houses with glass windows, mosaics, murals on walls and even a form of central heating called a hypocaust. Of course, most people were very poor and had none of these things.

In Roman Chichester, there were carpenters, blacksmiths, bronze smiths, potters and leather workers. There were also people who made combs and boxes from bone. In the 4th century Chichester declined with the rest of Roman Britain. The last troops left Roman Britain in 407 AD.

In the end of the 5th or 6th century to the early Saxons arrived. Chichester is named after a Saxon called Cissa. The Saxons called a group of buildings CEAST a Roman. They called this city CEAST Cissa. It changed Cisscester then finally in Chichester.

Nothing is known of what happened to Chichester until the late 9th century. At that time, Alfred the Great created a network of fortresses in the kingdom where men could gather, when the Danes attacked. Often, he used old Roman towns and forts. Chichester is a town.

The strategy worked. 894, Danes landed in West Sussex, but the men of Chichester and its environs went to meet them. They defeated the Danes, killing several hundred men and capturing several ships. This was the heyday Chichester.

However, the town of Chichester was not only a stronghold. He also been a flourishing city with a weekly market. In the 10th century there was a kind of mint, Chichester by then it must have been an important community.

At the time of the Norman Conquest Chichester probably had a population of less than 1,500 people. This seems very low for us, but remember that most people lived in tiny villages of about 100-150 people. Any settlement with more than 1000 inhabitants is a fair sized city. By the 13th century Chichester had probably grown to about 2,500 people. Still very low by our standards, but it would have been a place to live especially on market days.

The south-east of Chichester belonged to the Archbishop of Chichester belonged to the Archbishop of Canterbury. This area was called the Palatine. The word means Palantine "the palace" because this area belonged to the "palace of the archbishop. In time the name became corrupted Pallant.

The Normans built a motte and Bailey Castle Chichester in what is now Priory Park. It was a wooden fort on an artificial hill (a lump) surrounded a moat and a rampart of a wooden palisade (A Bailey). Later, the castle may have been rebuilt in stone.

In 1216, there had civil war and some barons invited a French prince to come and be king of England. The French soldiers occupied the castle. The French prince was eventually persuaded to return home and the castle was demolished.

In 1075 the local bishop decided of his bishopric of Selsey in Chichester, changing its history forever. Chichester Cathedral was built after 1091 and it was consecrated in 1108. Unfortunately, this building was severely damaged by fire in 1114 and was rebuilt. Another fire devastated the cathedral in 1187 and was again rebuilt. Chichester Cathedral was originally a tower, but in the early 15th century it was transferred to a separate tower called a campanile. The cathedral has received an arrow in its place.

There were weekly markets, Chichester, but in 1108, the bishop was given the right to hold a fair. (A fair was like a market, but has been held every year and attracted buyers and sellers across the South of England). The fair has been held for eight days every October. It was called the Fair One, after a tree eyes, which grew in the area of Northgate.

In 1125 Stephen King has given its first charter Chichester (a document certifying their rights and privileges). In the Middle Ages, merchants were organized into bodies called corporations who look after their interests. In Chichester guild owner Dealer underground vaults in which perishable goods could be stored in a cool place. These vaults still exist.

The 13th century, it is known that the wool was exported from Chichester (Dell Quay). At the time the wool is by far the largest export from England. The king has tried to control the trade that allow some ports to export wool. These ports are called clips. In 1353, Chichester was port base. It may seem surprising, but now in the Chichester Middle Ages was one of the most important ports in England. Chichester Harbour was deeper than it is today. (He has since silted up). Until 1800 ocean vessels could go back to Dell Quay.

There were many workers in fabric Chichester. After it was woven wool was cleaned and thickened. This was done it by pounding in a mixture of water and clay. The wool was pounded by wooden hammers worked by watermills. This was Fuller called. The water mills have been called fullers. There were several on the Lavant Chichester. There were also weavers and dyers of the city.

There was also an industry of needle making in Chichester in the Middle Ages. There was also the same people throughout the city. These included brewers, bakers and butchers. S Crooked Lane was formerly known as The Shambles and was filled with slaughterhouses. For us, it seems very unhygienic. Butchers threw offal in the street.

Other craftsmen, Chichester included blacksmiths, carpenters, coopers, wheelwrights, shoemakers and leather workers who have other made saddles and gloves. There was also a tanning industry in Chichester. The bark has been soaked in fresh water to extract tannin for tan leather.

In the Middle Ages Chichester produced his only saint. Richard was Bishop of Chichester from 1245 to 1253. He is now patron of Sussex.

In the 13th century, the brothers arrived in England. The friars were like monks but instead of withdrawing from the world they went out to preach and to help the poor. In Chichester there were Dominicans (known as black friars because of the color of their costumes). They lived in the south-east of the city where the church St Johns is today. They owned the land around the monastery of the city wall to where the road and Baffins Lane Convent are today.

From about 1230 the Franciscan monks (known as Grey Friars) lived in buildings in St Martins Square. In 1269 they moved to the location of the castle. The site of St Martins Square was taken over by St Marys Hospital. This facility previously existed in the south of the street. (In the Middle Ages, the hospitals are inhabited by monks who cared for their patients better). There was also a leper colony outside Eastgate. Spitalfields Road is named after certain areas belonging. (It was originally Hospitalfield Lane). In 1497, School was founded Prebendal (even if a school attached to the cathedral probably existed much earlier).

In 1501, Bishop floors built Chichester market cross. If you want to sell products to market, it had to pay a toll. There were poor peasants who had only a few eggs or a few vegetables for sale. The bishop said someone could sell things on the market and not pay a toll if they could stand under the cross.

In 1538 Hentu VIII closed the monasteries, Chichester and sold their property. House was built on the site of the convent in East Black Street and the surrounding land have become gardens. The gray convent was demolished, but his church has survived and in 1541 it was sold to the company and the Town Hall.

During the 16th century fell Chichester importance. The wool trade has declined. The main exports of wheat and malt became. The malt used in brewing. It is made from barley. The barley was soaked in water and then left to dry and then baked. Malt Chichester was "exported" along the coast to other parts of England. Other industries were brewing in Chichester and tanning.

There is a story that when Queen Elizabeth Chichester visited she said: "It is a bit of London and the streets of the town was called that since. It is not true that Little London is indicated on maps of the 15th century. There may have got its name because the merchants of London lived and worked over there.

In 1578, the streets were Chichester paved for the first time by an Act of Parliament.

In 1588, the population of Chichester has provided a small ship called the John fight against the Spanish Armada.

Also in 1588, two Catholic priests were tried for treason in Chichester. (The priests were considered as foreign agents). Ralph Edward Crockett and James were hanged and quartered in the west of the town square.

In 1625, a brewer named William Cawley built homes for the 12 'rotten' (poor) traders.

In 1642 came civil war between King and Parliament. This Chichester was a town of about 3,000 people and their loyalties were divided. The bishop and most of the clergy supported the King while the most merchants supported the Parliament. At first it was not clear in what sense would Chichester. Then, local landowners, the nobility, decided question. A force of 600 men, 200 horsemen and 400 infantry went into Chichester and took if for the king. There was no resistance.

But Parliament promptly sent an army to besiege the city. They fired guns in the North and the West. Finally, they shot him in the East. A This time there was a small suburb outside Eastgate, around St Pancras, where people with needles. (This is why the road, it is called Today Needlemakers). Supporters of the series of houses in the suburbs on fire but the soldiers set up a Parliamentary cannon on a tower of the church and fired on the wall. Chichester returned and remained in the hands of parliamentarians for the rest of the war.

Most houses of Chichester in early 17th century were made of wood with thatched roofs. However tile roofs replaced gradually. In 1687 a law prohibiting thatched roofs because of the risk of fire. Among the people in the late 17th century, Chichester began to build brick houses. Westgate House was built in the 1690s. (It is sometimes wrongly called Wren House. In fact Wren did not build it).

In the 18th century the population of Chichester was approximately 4,000. It started to increase towards the end of the period, but was still less than 5000 when the first census in 1801.

In the 18th century, Chichester had fallen to be a quiet village. In 1724, Daniel Defoe wrote that Chichester was "not a place of business is much, and it is not very populated. This quiet little town was largely rebuilt during this century. Many houses have been rebuilt in brick. The bricks were made with local clay. brick-making became an important local industry.

Among the houses built this time, Dodo House, which was built in the Pallant for Henry Peckham, a wine merchant in 1712. It gets its name because Peckham wanted ostriches carved on columns (ostriches appear on his family crest). However, the person who carved them had probably never seen an ostrich and are said to resemble more Dodos.

In 1731, the Council Chamber was built in North Street. As a lion on its roof a nearby street became known as Lion Street. The Old City Hall becomes a court of first instance.

To facilitate the flow of traffic in Chichester West, North and South were scrapped in 1773. Eastgate was demolished in 1783. Travel to and from Chichester has been made easier when the roads Turnpike were built. You had to pay to use them but they LEA have been made and were an improvement on the roads land. A great way to London opened in 1748 and another in Portsmouth opened its doors in 1762.

There have been some improvements in Chichester this time. In 1726, four clocks have been added to the cross. Chichester got his first theater in 1764. It opened in a former warehouse in the street theater. In 1791, a goal built the theater was built there. In 1779 Chichester gained its first bank. Then, in 1791, a law Parliament to create a body of men called the commissioners paving. They had the power to open and clean streets and remove the nuisance, as overhanging shop signs and windows that blocked alleys.

Chichester is a city of artisans working in their own workshops with an apprentice. There were carpenters, masons and glaziers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, coopers, saddlers, tailors and shoemakers. There were also bakers, brewers and grocers and dealers and manufacturers of clay pipe. On the other hand, the old industry of the needle to completely disappeared by the end of this century.

In 1750, a grocer named Mr. Shippam has opened a warehouse on West Street. He sold cheese and meat to the Navy near Portsmouth. In 1782, he opened a shop in East Street.

In 1784 a new charity was established in Chichester. A clinic for poor patients opened in Broyle Road. The poor were given free medicines.

In the early years of the century, during the wars Napoleonic barracks was built in Chichester. Although Chichester is a town that has grown in size in the 19th century simply because the population of Great Britain has quadrupled. In the early 19th century was built outside the walls Somerstown. More construction occurred in the southeastern corner of the city. There was still a mansion with gardens until 1809 when the land was sold for construction. The new zone is opened Newtown (today is the name of a single street). St John's Church opened in 1813.

In the early 19th century on the market in Chichester becomes very congested. On market days, street was full of cattle for sale. There were people who sell food. To relieve the congestion it was decided to erect a building where you could sell things like butter, cheese and vegetables separately on the cattle market. In 1808, the Buttermarket was built for this purpose. At the same time railing were erected around the market cross. However to have a market in East Street always caused a lot of congestion in the city and slowed traffic. Therefore, in 1871, opened a new market outside the Eastgate livestock.

In 1833, the corn market was built. In the late 19th century the front of this building was used as a theater and in the early 20th century as a cinema. Chichester gained gas light in the 1820s. Then in 1826, the clinic for the poor patients became Chichester Infirmary (the forerunner of St Richard's Hospital). Graylingwell hospital opened in 1897.

Chichester got his first police department in 1836. The first police station was by the Eastgate. Initially, the force Police in the city was separated from that of West Sussex, but they met in 1889. In this year the police station moved to Southgate.

In Chichester drunks were put in stocks. The last person to suffer this punishment has been sentenced to two hours in 1852.

From 1875 Chichester had running water. However, it was later than most other cities in the construction of drains and sewers. Chichester had a reputation in the late 19th century as an unhealthy and unsafe place. Most people in the town used cesspits. Some used buckets, where they poured into the Lavant. However, many people in Chichester have been reluctant to establish a network of drains and sewers because the cost. They were eventually built in 1893-96. The region most of Chichester St Pancras. It was the poorest region and was full of poverty and overcrowding.

In 1846, Chichester was connected to Brighton by rail and in 1847 it was connected to Portsmouth. In 1881, a branch open in Midhurst. Then in 1897 a light railway to Selsey open. There was also Portsmouth to Arundel Canal, which was completed in 1855. But channel has not been a success and the last section, Birdham Chichester, closed in 1906.

In 1850, Bishop Otter teachers Training College opened.

In 1861, the spire of the Cathedral of Chichester collapsed during a storm and had to be rebuilt.

In 1892 Shippams opened a meat mill Eastgate.

In the early 20th century the population of Chichester had reached about 9,000. He went to about 12,000 at the time of World War War in part because Summersdale was built north of the city. In 1939, the population rose to Chichester 16.000.

In 1909 Chichester gained electric lamps. In 1910 Chichester completed his first theater on West Street.

Chichester High School for Boys opened its doors in 1908. The school for girls opened in 1910.

In 1913, the infirmary became Royal Sussex Hospital. He moved to its present location in 1937.

In 1918, Priory Park, which was still private land has been given to the Council for public use. In the 1920s the first council houses were built in Chichester. In 1939 481 of them had been built. A new post Police Kingsham was built in 1937. The same year, Chichester by-pass open.

During the Second World War there were three bombing raids in Chichester. The bombs were dropped on the road to the basin in 1941, on Chapel Street and St Martins Street in 1943 and Arndale and greenways in 1944. In addition, in May 1944 after being severely damaged by enemy fire in France an American bomber crashed on the site of the ancient amphitheater Roman. (The pilot and the crew managed to bail out in time but could do nothing to prevent the crash).

After 1946, the estate was built and Whyke in the early 1950s, the Parklands estate was built.

In 1957, Chichester has been twinned with Chartres. A new device was built in 1958-1966.

In the early 1960s the region Somerstown called was demolished and rebuilt, like many of its houses have been decommissioned. However, this was controversial, as is a community Somerstown independently with its own stores. The reconstruction was separated from this community.

In 1962 Chichester peacheries closed and houses were built on the site. Houses were also built north of Bognor Road. In 1971, the population of Chichester had reached 21,000.

Chichester Festival Theatre opened 1962. In 1963, Chichester Museum opened in an old grain store.

In 1961, a new station was built in 1965 and a new bus station. In 1964, a training center for military police opened on the site of a former barracks. In 1967, a new library opened. The same year, a pool open outside Eastgate.

In the 1980s shopping malls have been built in Chichester, Northgate and Arcade Arcade Alsmhouse. Westgate Leisure Centre opened in 1987. In 1989, a new record office opened in Chichester. Chichester Cattle Market closed in 1990. A Tourist Information Centre new opened in 1993.

Chichester Today is a thriving city and is growing steadily. Today, the population of Chichester is 26,000.

Please visit My Funny Animal Posters Art Collection @ http://www.fabprints.com

My other site is called Directory of British Icons: http://fabprints.webs.com

For list of links to my other articles Blogg: http://bloggs.resourcez.com

Chinese England called "The Island of Heroes" which I think sums up what we are all in English about.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Copyright © 2010 Paul Hussey. All rights reserved.

About the Author

Please visit my Funny Animal Art Prints Collection @ http://www.fabprints.com

My other website is called Directory of British Icons: http://fabprints.webs.com

To visit the list and links to my other Blogg articles: http://bloggs.resourcez.com

The Chinese call England “The Island of Hero’s” which I think sums up what we English are all about.

Copyright © 2010 Paul Hussey. All Rights Reserved.

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